Basic Info

Serotype prediction based on their surface antigens, such as O, H, and K antigens.

More Details

The serotype represents the genetic markers displayed by proteins in blood plasma. Due to the genetic polymorphism of some serum proteins, phenotypic differences arise among individuals. Therefore, serotyping has become an important classification method, especially for many foodborne microorganisms such as Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes. This method is also widely used in epidemiological investigations. By determining the serotype of bacteria, we can provide a solid basis for antimicrobial therapy. Specifically, through in-depth analysis of the characteristics of bacterial somatic cells, such as the O antigen, cell surface proteins, H antigen, and K antigen, we can accurately classify bacteria based on their serotypes.

What's New

V. cholerae has been classified based on the surface somatic O antigens and more than 200 serogroups have been identified to date. Of these serogroups, O1 and O139 have been associated with cholera epidemics, with O1 being further differentiated into two biotypes, classical (Cla) and El Tor (ET). There have been seven pandemics of cholera since 1817, The Cla biotype is believed to have caused the first six pandemics, whereas the ET biotype replaced Cla globally to cause the seventh cholera pandemic that has been ongoing since 1961. O139 isolates were first identified in Bangladesh and India in 1992, which were found to be derived from the ET biotype and have not spread beyond Asia.

Additional Information

Related links:

https://github.com/pathogenwatch-oss/vista

Literature

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Hraib M, Alaidi S, Jouni S, Saad S, Muna M, et al. Cholera: An Overview with Reference to the Syrian Outbreak. Avicenna J Med. 2023;13(4):199-205.

Mutreja A, Kim DW, Thomson NR, Connor TR, Lee JH, et al. Evidence for several waves of global transmission in the seventh cholera pandemic. Nature. 2011;477: 462–465.

Wang H, Yang C, Sun Z, Zheng W, Zhang W, et al. Genomic epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae reveals the regional and global spread of two epidemic non-toxigenic lineages. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020;14(2):e0008046.