Basic Info

Serotype prediction based on their surface antigens, such as O, H, and K antigens.

More Details

The serotype represents the genetic markers displayed by proteins in blood plasma. Due to the genetic polymorphism of some serum proteins, phenotypic differences arise among individuals. Therefore, serotyping has become an important classification method, especially for many foodborne microorganisms such as Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes. This method is also widely used in epidemiological investigations. By determining the serotype of bacteria, we can provide a solid basis for antimicrobial therapy. Specifically, through in-depth analysis of the characteristics of bacterial somatic cells, such as the O antigen, cell surface proteins, H antigen, and K antigen, we can accurately classify bacteria based on their serotypes.

What's New

The serotyping scheme of Vibrio Parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) is based on the combination of O and K antigens, and includes 13 different O antigens and 71 different K types. The most common clone of V. parahaemolyticus among infections is serotype O3:K6 and its serovariants, leading to an epidemic worldwide since 1996. Additionally, the V. parahaemolyticus serotype O4:K12 has caused gastroenteritis outbreaks in the Pacific Northwest region in the USA around 1997, and on the Atlantic coasts of the USA and Spain in 2012. In China, the V. parahaemolyticus serotype O4:K12 caused gastroenteritis outbreaks in 2006, 2010, 2011 and 2014 in Shanghai.

Additional Information

Related links:

https://github.com/aldertzomer/vibrio_parahaemolyticus_genomoserotyping

https://github.com/shengzheBian/Vpsero

https://github.com/klebgenomics/Kaptive

Literature

Han D, Yu F, Tang H, et al. Spreading of Pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 and Its Serovariants: A Re-analysis of Strains Isolated from Multiple Studies. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2017;7:188. Published 2017 May 18. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2017.00188

Zhao L, Chen H, Didelot X, et al. Co-existence of multiple distinct lineages in Vibrio parahaemolyticus serotype O4:K12. Microb Genom. 2020;6(12):mgen000287. doi:10.1099/mgen.0.000287

Wyres KL, Cahill SM, Holt KE, Hall RM, Kenyon JJ. Identification of Acinetobacter baumannii loci for capsular polysaccharide (KL) and lipooligosaccharide outer core (OCL) synthesis in genome assemblies using curated reference databases compatible with Kaptive. Microb Genom. 2020;6(3):e000339. doi:10.1099/mgen.0.000339

Lam MMC, Wick RR, Judd LM, Holt KE, Wyres KL. Kaptive 2.0: updated capsule and lipopolysaccharide locus typing for the Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex. Microb Genom. 2022;8(3):000800. doi:10.1099/mgen.0.000800
van der Graaf-van Bloois L, Chen H, Wagenaar JA, Zomer AL. Development of Kaptive databases for Vibrio parahaemolyticus O- and K-antigen genotyping. Microb Genom. 2023;9(5):mgen001007. doi:10.1099/mgen.0.001007
Bian S, Jia Y, Zhan Q, et al. VPsero: Rapid Serotyping of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Using Serogroup-Specific Genes Based on Whole-Genome Sequencing Data. Front Microbiol. 2021;12:620224. Published 2021 Sep 2. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.620224